Zoe Geissler

When I first landed in Accra, I was captivated by its vibrancy—the bustling markets, the colourful streets and houses, and the warm, friendly greetings from strangers. However, one aspect of this lively city that surprised me was its soundscape. Coming from a city in Switzerland, where noise exists but is more controlled, I was unprepared for the relentless symphony of sound that defines Accra.

The noise levels in Accra reflect the reality of many major cities around the world. From dawn to dusk, the city echoes with the sound of heavy traffic—taxis, cars, and trotros honking incessantly. Street vendors shout their wares, their voices competing with the clanging and hammering of construction sites scattered across the metropolis. Adding to this are the planes landing and taking off from the airport located in the heart of Accra.

Then there’s the music. Loudspeakers on street corners blast afrobeats, pop, gospel, or reggae. But the music in the bars and clubs takes it to a whole new level. The first time I walked into a bar in Accra, I was shocked by the sheer volume. The speakers were so loud that the music often distorted into clattering noise, making conversation impossible.

Noise pollution in Accra: Why is it so loud?

While loud music in clubs is expected—and perhaps even appreciated—it shouldn’t reach unbearable levels. Excessive sound detracts from the overall experience. Turning down the volume a little would allow people to enjoy the music to the full and, especially in bars, to have conversations without shouting over the noise.

Curious if I was alone in my discomfort, I raised the issue with my Ghanaian colleagues. I found out that many of them shared my unease. This feeling is far from unique. According to Graphic Online, there are countless reports of residents in Accra enduring excessive noise levels well above the recommended thresholds for community environments.

The cacophony of noise in Accra does more than disturb the public peace—it poses serious risks to public health.

Research shows that noise pollution contributes to hearing loss, tinnitus, and hypersensitivity to sound. But its effects go much deeper. Noise pollution has been linked to exacerbating cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, sleep disturbances, stress, mental health issues, and cognition problems, including memory impairment and attention deficits.

More worryingly, noise can contribute to learning disabilities and low birth weight in children.

A quieter environment would be desirable for the citizens of Accra. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is responsible for measuring and monitoring noise levels, with prescribed limits of 55 decibels during the day and 48 decibels at night. However, these limits are often exceeded and, in my experience, enforcement appears to be inconsistent or lacking.

The EPA recently announced new plans to tackle noise pollution. Although the details and timetable for implementation remain unclear, this announcement is a step in the right direction. But in order to bring about meaningful change, the introduction of new regulations must be followed by effective enforcement.

In the meantime, raising awareness of noise pollution and its effects is crucial. Small actions can make a big difference. For instance, the next time you find yourself in a bar where the music is too loud, don’t hesitate to ask the staff to turn it down a notch. In addition, the annual Noise Awareness Day, held every year on the last Friday in April, is an opportunity to educate the public about the importance of reducing noise pollution.

Accra’s vibrancy is one of its defining characteristics, but the accompanying noise levels come at a cost. Addressing noise pollution will require collective effort, both from authorities and individuals. By taking small steps and enforcing regulations, the city can become a more peaceful and healthier environment for everyone.

Following the recent presidential and parliamentary elections, concerns over the high cost of running for political office in Ghana have resurfaced.

Amid discussions on political funding, Pul Ghana spoke with Mr William Nyarko, Executive Director of the Africa Centre for International Law, about this growing challenge and its implications for governance and democracy. He emphasised the urgent need for a comprehensive framework to regulate campaign financing, warning that the current unregulated environment fosters corruption.

<h2>A Growing Financial Burden</h2>

Running for Parliament in Ghana is not only a test of political resolve but also an increasingly expensive endeavour. Since the inception of the Fourth Republic in 1993, the influence of money in politics has risen dramatically. A 2018 study by the Westminster Foundation for Democracy and the Ghana Centre for Democratic Development (CDD) revealed that the cost of running for office increased by 59% between 2012 and 2016.By 2022, CDD estimates indicated that running for a parliamentary seat required an average of GHC 4 million. This expenditure is divided roughly equally between nurturing a constituency and campaigning during both the primaries and the general election.Mr Nyarko, who authored the 2022 study, disclosed to Pulse Ghana that these costs have continued to rise in recent years. He attributed this trend to changing voter expectations:

<blockquote>Voters demand inducements from the candidates, and candidates believe that once they have the money, they can give gifts and money in order to secure the vote. The rising cost of politics is an interplay between demand and supply.</blockquote>

File photo: Political billboards in Ghana

<h3>Personal Financing and the Debt Trap</h3>

The 2018 Westminster Foundation study found that personal income is the primary source of campaign funding for most candidates, creating a system where individuals shoulder the financial burden of their campaigns.This dependence on personal resources often drives candidates into debt before they even assume office. The CDD’s 2022 study warns that this financial burden poses significant risks to governance, as candidates may resort to illegitimate means, such as embezzling state funds, to repay their debts.

<h3>The Role of Campaign Financiers</h3>

When personal funds prove insufficient, candidates turn to campaign financiers. Mr Nyarko explained:

<blockquote>Candidates also have campaign financiers—wealthy individuals with deep pockets who invest directly in campaigns. These financiers often give money directly to candidates, ensuring that they know who provided the funds and therefore expect favours in return.</blockquote>

This practice raises serious concerns about accountability and transparency. Much of this funding is provided in cash, leaving its sources untraceable. Mr Nyarko cautioned.

<blockquote>Candidates who receive funds from individuals involved in illicit activities, like illegal mining, may feel compelled to protect these interests once in office, preventing effective action on critical issues.</blockquote>

<h3>The Voter’s Role</h3>

Mr Nyarko urged voters to reconsider their role in perpetuating this costly system:

<blockquote>Voters should understand that when they take money or gifts from a candidate, they are taking away from roads that need to be constructed or other public services that need to be improved.</blockquote>

This expectation of financial inducements only exacerbates the problem. Candidates often recoup campaign expenses through taxes by awarding inflated, single-sourced government contracts to their financial backers, further depleting public resources.

<h3>Disproportionate Impact on Women and Youth</h3>

The financial barriers to entry into politics disproportionately affect women and young people, who often lack the resources to compete. Mr Nyarko observed:

<blockquote>Women and young people can’t raise the sort of money that needs to be raised in order to run for political office. This prevents the fair and proportionate representation of society from Parliament.</blockquote>

As a result, Ghana’s political arena remains dominated by the economic and political elite.

<h3>The Call for Reform</h3>

While the Political Parties Act regulates party funding, it does not address how individual candidates raise and spend money. Mr Nyarko called for urgent reform:

<blockquote>We need a campaign finance framework that limits how much an individual can contribute to a party or candidate annually. Furthermore, all transactions should be conducted electronically to ensure traceability and transparency.</blockquote>

He stressed that these reforms are essential to curb the monetisation of politics and ensure a more equitable democratic process. Without such measures, he warned, the rising cost of running for office will continue to undermine the integrity of Ghana’s political system.

The unchecked costs of political campaigns in Ghana have far-reaching implications for governance, transparency, and inclusivity. As the nation prepares for future elections, the need for a comprehensive campaign finance framework has never been more pressing.

William Nyarko, Executive Director of the Africa Centre for International Law

Rising cost of running for political office in Ghana and its threat to democracy

The recent inauguration of the Ghana Shea Employers Association (GSEA) and the Ghana Shea Workers Union (GSWU) represents a milestone in Ghana’s shea industry.Launched in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO) under its Productivity Ecosystems for Decent Work Programme, funded by the governments of Switzerland and Norway, along with other key partners, the new organisations aim to address challenges within the shea sector while fostering growth, sustainability, and empowerment.The launch event in Tamale brought together key stakeholders in the shea sector, including traditional authorities, public institutions, representatives of labour unions, academics, women’s groups, and processors. This gathering underscored a shared commitment to building a thriving shea industry.<h3>A Growing Global Market</h3>Speaking at the launch of GSEA, Mr Michael Bozumbil, First President of the Ghana Employers Association, highlighted the growing global demand for shea butter, which has positioned it as one of Ghana’s leading export commodities.“Ghana has witnessed a growing global demand for shea butter in recent years. This demand has positioned shea as one of Ghana’s leading export commodities,” he noted.Statistics back this assertion: Ghana’s shea butter exports were valued at approximately US$92.6 million in 2022, while kernel exports were worth US$20 million in 2021, according to the Ghana Export Promotion Authority.

“Without the pickers, there is no nut,” stressed Chief Adam, highlighting the vital but undervalued role of rural workers in sustaining the industry. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)  The Importance of the New Organisations

Globally, the shea butter market was estimated at US$2.75 billion in 2023 and is projected to grow to US$5.58 billion by 2033, highlighting the immense potential of the sector.<h3>The Challenges</h3>The shea sector is a cornerstone of the rural economy in northern Ghana, employing approximately one million women. Despite its economic significance, the sector faces numerous challenges.Women, who form the backbone of the industry by performing labour-intensive tasks such as nut picking and butter processing, are often the lowest earners and do not benefit proportionately from the high value of finished products.The industry also struggles with fragmentation, limited access to markets, and competition from foreign buyers. These buyers, armed with greater financial resources, dominate the trade and often drive down prices, disadvantaging local workers and producers.Chief Adam, a traditional ruler and farmer, voiced his concerns: “The biggest traders of shea are foreign businesses. They have the resources and the money, being able to influence a lot of activities in the sector.”This inequity has far-reaching effects. Pickers are paid poorly, while local processors, unable to purchase in bulk, are forced to pay higher prices for smaller quantities.

“Without the pickers, there is no nut,” stressed Chief Adam, highlighting the vital but undervalued role of rural workers in sustaining the industry. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

The establishment of the Ghana Shea Employers Association and the Ghana Shea Workers Union represents a significant step towards addressing these issues. These organisations aim to unify the sector and advocate for fair treatment and equitable benefits across the value chain.Dr Vanessa Phala, ILO Director for Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, emphasised the significance of these organisations: “Fragmentation in the industry has long prevented stakeholders from championing common interests. The formation of these new organisations is intended to fill this gap.”Prof. Abukari Alhassan, Director of the West African Centre for Shea Innovation and Research, echoed this sentiment, noting the potential of GSEA and GSWU to amplify the voices of women in the sector. He explained, “These organisations enable women to have a voice to advocate for better benefits, better pay, and fair rights.”<h3></h3>

Prof. Abukari Alhassan, Director of the West African Centre for Shea Innovation and Research

<h3></h3>The Chairperson of GSWU also shared her perspective on the importance of collective representation: “A union is very important because now our voices can be heard, and we have a collective voice to fight for our rights such as good working conditions.”Chief Adam also highlighted the value of collaboration: “By working together, stakeholders can identify new opportunities and hold the value chain accountable, so that the picker can benefit from the entire value chain. The issue about fairness in terms of pricing will come in.”<h3>Conclusion</h3>The formation of the Ghana Shea Employers Association and the Ghana Shea Workers Union marks a significant step towards systematically addressing and organising Ghana’s shea industry.As global demand for shea butter continues to rise, empowering workers and improving industry standards will not only enhance livelihoods but also position Ghana as a leader in the global shea sector.This is more than an economic opportunity—it is a chance to uplift the women who are the backbone of this vital industry and ensure a fairer and more sustainable future for all stakeholders.

Launch of the Ghana Shea Employers Association in Tamale

Strengthening Ghana’s shea sector: The launch of the Ghana Shea Employers Association and Workers Union

For many, applying shea butter is a daily routine—a simple luxury that soothes and smooths the skin, helping to maintain a youthful, wrinkle-free appearance. However, few realise the immense effort that goes into producing this cherished product. Much of the process depends on manual labour, with women shouldering the majority of the work.Zakaria Adama Lacera, the CEO of Yumzaa Enterprises, a shea processing company in Tamale, has witnessed the transformation of the industry firsthand. What began as a small operation with just three women has grown into a thriving business. Today, Mrs. Lacera employs approximately 270 processors and 1,500 pickers, showcasing the significant impact of the shea industry on local livelihoods.

Zakaria Adama Lacera, the CEO of Yumzaa Enterprises. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

"The shea industry supports the livelihoods of countless rural women in northern Ghana, and we’re proud to be part of this journey," she shares with Pulse Ghana while walking through her bustling processing facility.<h3>Step 1: Picking the Nuts</h3>The shea tree, found across northern Ghana, is a vital resource supporting nearly one million rural women involved in the shea sector. However, it takes 20 to 30 years for a tree to bear enough fruits for harvesting.Pickers do not collect the nuts directly; instead, they gather the large, plum-like fruits containing the shea nuts. After harvesting, the fruit is removed, and the nuts are boiled to soften their outer shells, making it easier to extract the kernels—the foundation of shea butter."The fruits are picked, shelled, and the kernels are brought to us for further processing," explains Mrs. Lacera.<h3>Step 2: Sorting—The Good Stay, the Bad Go</h3>Before sorting, the kernels are washed and dried under the sun on large tarpaulins to ensure quality.

A woman sorting the kernels. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

"We wash them before we sort because when they’re dirty, you cannot identify the good ones from the bad ones," Mrs. Lacera explains. Although the sorting is done manually, the women can process a large quantity in a short time.<h3>Step 3: Crushing and Roasting</h3>Once sorted, the kernels are crushed and dried to prepare them for roasting. The roasting process, which lasts between 30 and 45 minutes per batch, significantly affects the quantity and quality of the extracted shea butter.

The crushed kernels, ready for roasting. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

<h3>Step 4: Grinding and Kneading</h3>After roasting, the kernels are ground into a paste with a texture resembling raw chocolate. The paste is then kneaded to refine its consistency."Now that we use machines, we get more yield and can process more," Mrs. Lacera explains. "This means better profits and less physical strain for the workers."

<h3>Step 5: Boiling, Filtering, and Packaging</h3>The kneaded paste is boiled and filtered twice, a process that requires handling high temperatures with minimal protective gear. Once solidified, the raw shea butter is packaged in various sizes, from small containers to large industrial drums."Our customers process it further into products such as chocolate, cosmetics, and cooking oils," Mrs. Lacera adds.<h3>More Than Just Butter</h3>Shea butter is much more than a beauty product—it symbolises resilience, community, and opportunity for many women in northern Ghana. However, its production remains a labour-intensive process, often carried out in challenging conditions.

Boiling involves a lot of heat. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

Despite the hardships, the shea industry continues to empower women like those working with Yumzaa Enterprises, creating opportunities for growth and improved livelihoods in rural communities.

Hard work for smooth kin: The process behind Ghana's shea butter

Hard work for smooth skin: The process behind Ghana's shea butter

Armed with brooms, rubbish bags, rubber boots, and gloves, the Buz Stop Boys are gaining increasing attention for their mission to clean up the litter blighting towns and cities across Ghana.For founder and civil engineer Heneba Kwadwo Sarfo, the sight of rubbish-strewn streets and dirty beaches was the driving force behind launching the group in July 2023.“It all started from my love for the environment,” he told Pulse Ghana during a cleaning tour. “It saddened my heart to see trash bags everywhere and beaches that were so messy. That’s why I wanted to do something for the environment.”<hr><h3>Ghana’s Waste Problem</h3>According to the United Nations Development Programme, Ghana generates about 12,700 tonnes of solid waste daily, of which only 10% is properly disposed of. Plastic waste is a major contributor to the problem.In Accra, plastic waste accounts for 30% of all waste generated, with plastic bags, water sachets, and bottles being the most common items.The problem is exacerbated by rapid urbanisation and population growth, which have led to an increase in plastic consumption. Meanwhile, Ghana’s waste management infrastructure remains inadequate, resulting in streets lined with rubbish, blocked drains, and waterways polluted with plastic.<hr><h3>Working Tirelessly for a Cleaner Environment</h3>Fed up with the filth and the flooding caused by litter, the Buz Stop Boys conduct clean-ups across Greater Accra two to four times a week. Their efforts include clearing clogged drains, tidying littered streets, and even installing solar lights to improve safety in the city.Pulse Ghana joined the group for an early morning tour to clean up the area around the airport. This time, they worked tirelessly in the heat for over three hours in collaboration with Ghana Airport.

The Buz Stop Boys Cleaning up the Area Around the Airport in Collaboration with Ghana Airport. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

Even for a small area, the clean-up required many hands and a lot of time. But for Heneba, the scale of the challenge doesn’t deter them. “Of course it scares us sometimes,” he admitted. “But even if it seems like we are just a small organisation, we decide to fight because we believe we can make an impact. The environmental disaster bounces back to all of us.”

The small vehicle was loaded with full rubbish bags. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

To reach more people, the Buz Stop Boys are harnessing the power of social media. “Because of social media, there is no such thing as small. And if you do it with all that you have, with the passion and the energy, you will definitely get there,” Heneba said.This strategy is clearly working: in Ghana, the initiative has earned admiration from politicians and celebrities, while also catching the attention of international media. Recently, even a UK teenager flew to Accra to join the clean-up.

The Buz Stop Boys Are Now Known to Many People, Especially in Accra. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

<h3>A Growing Movement</h3>Not only are the Buz Stop Boys gaining admirers, but the group itself is also growing. What started as a small initiative last year has now blossomed into a movement of more than 150 volunteers, with 50 men and women actively involved. The group includes people from diverse professions – chefs, carpenters, students, and more – most of whom are young professionals wanting to make a positive impact on the environment.One such volunteer is Jessica, a chef who joined the Buz Stop Boys to give back to her community. During the clean-up, she shared her thoughts with Pulse Ghana.“I found Buz Stop Boys to be an interesting initiative that I wanted to join. I’m really glad that I joined, because at least I’m giving back to the community and helping to clean up Ghana,” she said.

Jessica takes part in the Buz Stop Boys' clean-ups whenever she has time and doesn't have to work. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

<h4></h4>Looking at the now full rubbish bags, Jessica expressed a simple wish: “All we want is for people to stop littering and start recycling. If we all have the same mindset, things will change.”<hr><h3>The Need for Behaviour Change</h3>Both Jessica and Heneba agree that the high level of plastic waste is a serious environmental challenge for Ghana. Heneba emphasised that education is key to raising awareness about the damage it does to the environment.“We hope that with more awareness, fewer people will throw plastic on the ground,” he said.

Jessica takes part in the Buz Stop Boys' clean-ups whenever she has time and doesn't have to work. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

However, Heneba also stressed the need for government intervention, calling for a ban on single-use plastics and noting that: “For everything we do on the voluntary side to be sustainable, the government needs to step in.”The Buz Stop Boys are proving that grassroots efforts can make a difference, inspiring more and more people to take action and rethink their approach to waste. And they are not alone. Across Ghana, a growing number of small initiatives are being launched by individuals and communities determined to make a difference and create a cleaner, more sustainable future for the country.<hr>

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Founder Heneba Kwadwo Sarfo quit his job to devote all his energy to the environment. (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

Meet the Buz Stop Boys: The grassroots heroes cleaning Ghana, one street at a time

For many footballers in Ghana, playing for a major club is a cherished dream – one that can become a reality if they are fortunate enough to be scouted.

Daniel Boifio Jr., also known as DBJ, is helping to turn these dreams into reality. As a FIFA-licensed agent and football scout, he connects Ghanaian talent with opportunities on the global stage.

His journey began with a passion for football, evolving from playing it as a hobby to shaping the careers of players as a scout and agent.

Scouting is a complex process, as DBJ explains. A scout’s role involves identifying promising talent, monitoring their progress, and guiding their careers.

<blockquote>A scout evaluates more than a player’s on-the-ball skills,” he explains. “Off-the-ball movements, game intelligence, and leadership qualities are just as important.</blockquote>

DBJ and his team travel extensively across Ghana, from bustling cities to remote villages, to watch as many matches as possible in search of talent. Although he primarily focuses on players in advanced leagues such as the Premier League and the First and Second Divisions, he occasionally attends school and amateur tournaments to uncover emerging talent.

Pulse Ghana had the opportunity to meet DBJ at a school tournament near Accra. (Photo: Zoe Geissler)

DBJ believes in nurturing players from a young age. For minors with potential, he works closely with their families to create a supportive environment.

Beyond the sport itself, education plays a pivotal role in a young player’s development. DBJ emphasises, “It’s not just about football, it’s about education and sports combined.”

By relocating young players to Accra, he ensures they receive both athletic and academic training. This dual focus prepares them for the complexities of professional life, such as understanding contracts and managing their careers. For those whose football ambitions do not materialise, this approach provides them with a solid foundation for other pursuits.

When a player is ready to join a professional club, DBJ transitions into his role as an agent. “I represent the player and recommend him to teams,” he explains.

Since partnering with SBE Management, a European football agency, last year, DBJ has made significant strides in connecting local talent with international opportunities. “It’s been really good so far. They have seen a couple of players that they are interested in and are working to bring them to Europe, helping fulfil the dreams of these players,” he shares.

Organising tournaments for European sporting directors, scouts, and agents is another critical aspect of DBJ’s work. These events provide Ghanaian players with a platform to showcase their skills. However, such occasions come with immense pressure, as a single performance can significantly influence a player’s prospects.

Despite his efforts, not every story ends in success. “Not every player makes it,” DBJ admits. “When you realise that someone might not go far in football, it’s important to be honest.”

You can't go out to scout over 2,000 players and end up picking just one. That's normal in scouting,” he tells Pulse Ghana.

The role of a scout extends beyond identifying talent. It involves supporting players in their development, preparing them for the demands of professional football, and managing their expectations through honest communication.

For many players, football is a dream. While not all of them will reach the professional level, the dedication of scouts ensures that some players can chase their aspirations and perhaps even build a career from the sport.

Daniel Boifio Jr. in his office. His work often takes him to Europe. (Photo: Zoe Geissler)

Behind the scenes of football: The impact of a Ghanaian scout

Negotiators and ministers from nearly 200 countries are working towards establishing a new annual climate finance target to replace the $100 billion pledge made in 2009. This pledge, which expires at the end of the year, is widely considered inadequate to meet the growing challenges posed by climate change.

Among Ghana's delegation of negotiators at COP29 is Emmanuella Doreen Kwofie, a seasoned negotiator. Reflecting on the conference’s progress so far, she told Pulse Ghana, “It has been busy. We finished the first week and we are zooming into the second week, still negotiating and trying to make something meaningful out of this COP.”

People walk at the entrance of the venue of the United Nations climate change conference COP29, in Baku, Azerbaijan. REUTERS/Murad Sezer

<h3>Promoting Ghana’s Interests on the Global Stage</h3>

Ms Kwofie brings experience and diligence to the negotiating table. A lawyer by profession, she currently works with Grandhedge International, a Ghana-based NGO focusing on renewable energy solutions, and the Green Climate Fund in South Korea.

Her role as a negotiator is clear: advocating for Ghana’s priorities in the negotiation rooms. As she explained, “I put in my all to really make sure that Ghana is well represented, and our issues are taken into consideration at the international level.”

Emmanuella Doreen Kwofie has been a member of the Delegation of Ghana’s Negotiators since COP 28 and an IOM Youth Delegate. (Picture: Provided by Emmanuella Doreen Kwofie).

<h3>Youth Delegate on Climate Migration for IOM</h3>

In addition to her role as a negotiator, Ms Kwofie serves as a Youth Delegate on Climate Migration for the International Organisation for Migration (IOM). She works to ensure that climate migration issues are prioritised during negotiations—a crucial focus as climate-induced displacement becomes increasingly pressing.

“Due to the impacts of climate change—rising sea levels, frequent floods, and droughts—people’s communities are no longer habitable, forcing them to move to survive,” she told Pulse Ghana.

According to the Migration Data Portal, climate-related hazards were a significant factor in 26.4 million displacements globally in 2023.

<h3>Climate Change and Its Impacts on Ghana</h3>

Ghana faces severe challenges linked to climate change. President Nana Akufo-Addo emphasised this at COP29, stating: “For Ghana, climate change is real and immediate, affecting our farmers, coastlines, and communities.”

Ghana's President Nana Akufo-Addo delivers a statement during the United Nations climate change conference COP29, in Baku, Azerbaijan. REUTERS/Maxim Shemetov.

Ms Kwofie highlighted how climate change is already impacting lives and livelihoods in Ghana. She pointed to the flooding of the Akosombo Dam, which displaced many families, as an indirect consequence of climate change. In the northern regions, rapid desertification and recurring droughts have exacerbated food insecurity, forcing people to migrate in search of more hospitable conditions.

In light of these challenges, Ms Kwofie is advocating for increased climate finance to support Ghana and other developing nations. “We need climate finance to ensure that we can adapt to climate change and even reduce our emissions,” she explained.

Her efforts align with the broader push at COP29 to hold developed nations accountable for their financial commitments to developing countries.

Chinese artist Kong Ning wearing a specially made "Purple Shells" art installation, poses with French climate activist David Ligouy of Peace Plus One and a visitor at the entrance of the venue during COP29. REUTERS/Murad Sezer.

<h3>Looking Ahead: The Outcome of COP29</h3>

As negotiations continue, Ms Kwofie remains hopeful about achieving a positive outcome. “I am very hopeful because the conversation needs to be had, and there must be a decision, especially on climate finance,” she said.

However, she acknowledged the difficulties inherent in the talks. “No one likes to talk about money issues, especially the people who have to provide the climate finance,” she noted, describing the negotiations as a “back and forth” process, with parties pushing their respective agendas.

The largest annual climate conference, COP29, has entered its critical second week. Discussions are centred on securing climate finance to assist developing countries in adapting to climate change and addressing the damages caused by extreme weather events.

Emmanuella Doreen Kwofie: Negotiating for Ghana and Africa at COP29

Data from the 2021 Population and Housing Census (PHC) conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) reveals that approximately 20% of all structures in the country are incomplete.

The reasons for these unfinished buildings vary, whether they are private homes or public infrastructure, but they are all rooted in Ghana’s economic realities.

Owning a home is a significant cultural aspiration for many Ghanaians, often pursued gradually. Kuukuwa Manful, Assistant Professor of Architecture at the University of Michigan, who studies Ghanaian architecture, shared insights with Pulse Ghana on the subject.

Construction typically begins as soon as individuals acquire land, but homes are rarely completed all at once. It is “very normal to build your house incrementally and when you can gather money,” Professor Manful explained.

This incremental approach is a pragmatic response to Ghana’s fluctuating economy. Professor Manful noted that when the cedi depreciates against the dollar, the cost of building materials—most of which are imported—rises. As a result, many projects are paused while homeowners save money to continue.

Construction site in Accra (Picture: Zoe Geissler)

Houses with walls but no roof or foundations waiting for walls are a common sight, yet these structures are not abandoned. Instead, they reflect the socio-economic realities faced by Ghanaians.

<h3>Unfinished Public Infrastructure</h3>

Incomplete government projects add another dimension to the issue. Many public infrastructure projects across the country remain non-operational or abandoned. Examples include 12-unit classroom blocks at Lashibi TMA School and Klagon TMA School, the Sunyani Kotokrom and Odumase roads, the Sunyani Regional Library, and the Krofrom market.

A 2017 study by Professor Martin Williams of the University of Oxford found that around a third of government projects initiated in Ghana remain incomplete, consuming nearly 20% of local government investment expenditure.

Professor Williams estimated that the funds wasted on uncompleted projects could have built hundreds of schools, serving over 70,000 children annually. Dorcas Antwi, a fellow of the Ghana Youth Leadership Academy (GYLA), recently highlighted the economic toll of these projects, stating, “These abandoned projects represent billions of cedis that could have been used to create jobs or improve healthcare.”

Corruption is often assumed to be the primary cause of unfinished buildings, but Professor Williams argued that the issue is more complex.

He explained that while corruption is a global challenge in procurement and infrastructure delivery, the main issue in Ghana lies in local politics and shifting priorities. Politicians often struggle to allocate projects equitably among competing communities.

Projects may begin with the intention of completion, but “due to the shifting and unpredictable nature of these local political bargains, the money that was intended to finish one project often gets spent to start another one,” Professor Williams observed.

Professor Manful added that governments frequently initiate projects to garner electoral support. However, the commitment to completing these initiatives often diminishes post-election. She remarked, “Governments have so many competing demands on them to start projects that they end up overstretching their finances and whatever allocations they have to start projects.”

<h3>The Impact of Unfinished Buildings</h3>

The prevalence of unfinished structures in Ghana extends beyond financial losses, posing social, environmental, and health risks.

A 2023 study revealed that abandoned buildings can become hubs for illegal activities, raising safety concerns and discouraging further development. For instance, the unfinished Krofrom market has reportedly become a hotspot for criminal activity, as noted by the Ghana News Agency.

The project of the Krofrom Market was started in 2008 by former President Kuffuor and abandoned in 2008. Picture: Ghana News Agency (Screenshot)

Additionally, unfinished structures waste resources. Professor Manful highlighted that building materials degrade when exposed to the elements, compromising structural integrity over time. “The longer buildings are left unfinished, the greater the risk that they will deteriorate or even collapse,” she warned.

When construction resumes, these materials often need replacement, driving up costs. Furthermore, dust from construction sites can harm air quality, leading to health issues.

Ghana’s unfinished buildings reflect a complex interplay of cultural goals, economic constraints, and political challenges. Whether private homes or public projects, these structures represent more than stalled development—they carry significant social, economic, and environmental costs.

BeFunky-collage (14)aReasons behind Ghana’s unfinished buildings and their impacts

Unfinished buildings are a common feature across Ghana, spanning both rural and urban areas. These structures include private homes as well as government infrastructure projects such as schools and roads, often abandoned partway through construction.

Reasons behind Ghana’s unfinished buildings and their impacts

In the 435-seat chamber, a majority is reached when a party wins 218 seats. CBS projects that the final count of Republican seats is likely to range between 220 and 222.

Earlier this week, Republicans also secured a majority in the Senate. This grants President-elect <a href="https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/world/elon-musk-to-lead-department-of-government-efficiency-donald-trump-announces/yeq6mp5">Donald Trump’s party</a> full control of both chambers of the US Congress, providing him with significant power to advance his legislative agenda on issues such as the economy and immigration.

This “trifecta” was last achieved at the start of Trump’s first term in 2017 and continued through his first two years in office. However, the Democrats regained control of the House of Representatives in the 2018 midterm elections. Now, with the strong loyalty he commands from many senior lawmakers, many in Washington expect Trump to wield an even firmer grip on Congress this time around.

Trump has promised sweeping changes within his first 100 days in office, including “the start of mass deportations of undocumented migrants in the US and a rollback of environmental policies enacted by the Biden-Harris administration.”

Democrats’ Leverage Remains

Although Trump will benefit from at least two years of limited congressional oversight until the next midterm elections in 2026, he will not hold unrestrained power over Congress. Democrats may still exert some influence over his administration in targeted, meaningful ways.

While budget and tax changes require only a simple majority in both chambers, most other legislation must clear the Senate filibuster, a 60-vote threshold, to pass. “This means that Democrats can block some other Trump legislative priorities, such as the repeal of the Affordable Care Act, known as ‘Obamacare’.” This was also the case during Trump’s first term, when an attempt to repeal the healthcare reform ultimately failed.

Furthermore, the Republican majority in the House of Representatives is expected to remain narrow, meaning that individual Republicans who diverge from the party line could present challenges.

File photo: Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy speaks to the US Congress via video on March 16, 2022 to plead for support as his country is besieged by Russian forces.

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy speaks to the US Congress via video on March 16, 2022 to plead for support as his country is besieged by Russian forces.

A Few Bumps in the Road

As the new Congress convenes, Republicans may hold only a slim majority, with some races yet to be finalised. Additionally, Trump’s decision to appoint House members to positions in his administration could hinder the party’s ability to maintain its majority in the initial days of the new Congress, as these seats will remain vacant until special elections are held to fill them.

This scenario is somewhat reminiscent of Ghana’s hung parliament. However, both major parties in Ghana could only imagine such a favourable position for the Republicans in relation to Trump’s second term.

With Ghana’s elections just over three weeks away, it remains to be seen how the outcome will shape the parliamentary majority.

U.S. President-elect Donald Trump. 2024. REUTERS/Brian Snyder.

The US Republicans have now secured enough seats to retain their majority in the House of Representatives, as reported by the Associated Press.

Donald Trump secures control of US Congress as Republicans win majority of seats

Today, Trump announced that Elon Musk, founder of SpaceX and Tesla, and former Republican presidential candidate Vivek Ramaswamy will co-lead the newly created Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) in his incoming administration.

Musk—a major donor to Trump’s campaign—was widely speculated to take on a role in the administration. Since Trump’s election victory, Musk has reportedly been a regular presence at Mar-a-Lago.

Currently ranked by Forbes as the world’s wealthiest person, Musk is expected to benefit from Trump’s win, with the entrepreneur likely wielding significant influence to aid his companies and secure favourable government treatment.

Vivek Ramaswamy speaks during a rally for President Donald Trump. REUTERS/Carlos Barria.

Ramaswamy—a biotech investor—ran against Trump for the Republican presidential nomination before dropping out and endorsing him.

Not an Official Government Agency

Despite its title, the Department of Government Efficiency is not an official government agency. Such agencies require establishment through an act of Congress and typically employ tens of thousands of staff.

The acronym DOGE nods to Musk's favourite cryptocurrency, dogecoin. In today’s announcement, Trump explained that the DOGE initiative would help his administration “dismantle Government Bureaucracy, slash excess regulations, cut wasteful expenditures and restructure Federal Agencies.”

Representations of cryptocurrency Dogecoin are seen in this illustration. REUTERS/Dado Ruvic/Illustration

Trump stated that Musk and Ramaswamy would operate outside government to provide external guidance to the White House on how to “drive large-scale structural reform.”

The two would collaborate with the White House and the Office of Management and Budget to address “massive waste and fraud” within the $6.5 trillion in annual government spending.

Musk recently claimed he could identify more than $2 trillion in savings, approximately one-third of the total annual government budget, although he did not offer specifics.

Following the announcement, Musk posted on his social media platform X: “This will send shockwaves through the system, and anyone involved in Government waste, which is a lot of people.”

Musk pledged transparency, writing on X: “All actions of the Department of Government Efficiency will be posted online for maximum transparency.”

Post of Elon Musk after the Announcement. (Screenshot).

According to Trump, Musk and Ramaswamy are expected to complete their work by 4 July (American Independence Day) 2026.

Meanwhile, Trump has nominated Fox News host Pete Hegseth to lead the Pentagon. Hegseth, an Iraq war veteran with limited government experience, has been a vocal Trump supporter for several years.

Tesla CEO and X owner Elon Musk often appeared on stage with Donald Trump during the presidential campaign. REUTERS/Carlos Barria

New names for President-elect Donald Trump’s forthcoming administration are being announced daily, as he spent much of his first post-election week behind closed doors at Mar-a-Lago, his private club in Florida, selecting cabinet members and other senior officials.

Elon Musk to lead Department of Government Efficiency - Donald Trump announces

Mahama maintains his lead over the ruling party’s candidate and current Vice President Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia (NPP), the leader for Movement for Change, Alan Kwaddwo Kyerematen and the leader of the New Force, Nana Kwame Bediako.

The poll shows Mahama with 52 % support, followed by Dr. Bawumia with 41.3 %. Support for the other candidates remains below 5 %.

In the swing regions - Central, Western and Greater Accra - Mahama garners 59.4% support, while Dr. Bawumia has 33.8%.

The poll also reveals that while 98% of NDC voters intend to vote for Mahama, only 95% of NPP voters will do so for Dr Bawumia. This may indicate a case of disunity within the ruling party.

Ghana's Vice President and presidential candidate from the ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP), Dr. Mahamudu Bawumia. REUTERS/Francis Kokoroko

Ghana's Vice President and presidential candidate from the ruling New Patriotic Party (NPP), Dr Mahamudu Bawumia.

According to the poll, voters are most concerned about the economy, employment, and education. Mor than half (51 %) of respondents say their economic situation has worsened since last year.

Both Mahama and Dr. Bawumia have outlined plans to boost the economy and improve citizens’ livelihoods. However, more respondents (52.5%) see Mahama as more capable, experienced, and qualified to tackle the current economic crisis than Dr. Bawumia (41.7%).

Tho poll was conducted between 4 and 8 November 2024 and has a margin of error of 1.9 %.

Main opposition leader and former president John Dramani Mahama (NDC) is on course to win the presidential election in December, according to the<a href="https://onedrive.live.com/?authkey=%21AIAbvJskdUVPFbg&amp;id=E1B11D01E64A3039%2122167&amp;cid=E1B11D01E64A3039&amp;parId=root&amp;parQt=sharedby&amp;o=OneUp"> latest opinion poll</a>, released on Monday by Global InfoAnalytics, an Accra based research group.

Mahama looks set to win the 2024 election - Latest poll shows

Leaders from nearly 200 countries will discuss how to tackle the climate crisis from today until 22 November 2024.

President Nana Akufo-Addo arrived in Azerbaijan yesterday to attend the summit.

COP stands for “Conference of the Parties” and is widely regarded as the world’s most important meeting on climate change.

Countries that have ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), a multilateral treaty adopted in 1992, meet annually to measure progress and negotiate joint responses to fight climate change.

Ghana became a party to the UNFCCC in September 1995.

Since its entry into force in 1994, the UNFCCC has provided a basis for international climate negotiations, including agreements such as the Paris Agreement (2015), which aims to limit global warming to “well below” 2°C by the end of the century, and “pursue efforts” to keep warming within the safer limit of 1.5°C.

Who will participate at COP29?

More than 32’000 people have registered to attend this year’s summit. Among them are representatives from all 198 countries that have ratified the convention.

Notably absent, however, are the leaders of some of the world’s biggest economies and carbon emitters, including US President Joe Biden and China’s President Xi Jinping. But their countries are still represented by officials in Baku.

Zoe Geissler

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