Joining Musk was Rep. Filemon Vela, D-Texas, and Rick Perry, who was governor of Texas at the time and is now President Donald Trump’s energy secretary.
On that windy September day, the trio smiled and dug shovels into a mound of dirt in front of a large sign: “Future home of SpaceX’s South Texas launchpad.”
The rural tract of land that was supposed to be home to a commercial spaceport now stands in the path of Trump’s border wall. Musk is just one of the potentially hundreds of private landowners in Texas who would be disrupted by the president’s desire to build a “big, beautiful” wall.
The border wall was a signature campaign promise for Trump, but Democrats oppose it. Congress has said it would provide up to $1.6 billion for border security this year, but Trump wants $5 billion for his wall alone — and is now threatening to shut down the government without it.
“The Democrats and President Obama gave Iran 150 Billion Dollars and got nothing, but they can’t give 5 Billion Dollars for National Security and a Wall?” Trump said in a tweet on Wednesday. He was referring — erroneously — to $100 billion in frozen Iranian assets that were released as part of the nuclear deal with Tehran that the United States no longer follows.
Here is where things stand on Trump’s proposed wall.
So how much of the wall is already being built?
A year ago, the Trump administration unveiled wall prototypes at the border in San Diego in a $20 million showcase of imposing barriers stretching up to 30 feet high and made of steel bars, concrete slabs and metal spikes.
But construction still has not begun on a new wall — despite Trump’s repeated promises to build it along the nearly 2,000-mile border with Mexico, at an estimated cost of $25 billion.
In the 2018 fiscal year, Congress provided $1.6 billion for border security, much of it to repair existing barriers. The Department of Homeland Security has already spent millions of dollars to replace fences in California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.
Additionally, last year’s funding was to pay for 33 miles of a new wall in the Rio Grande Valley in South Texas, where 41 percent of all migrants apprehended on the southwestern border are stopped.
In November, Customs and Border Protection awarded two contracts for border wall construction there: $145 million for a 6-mile levee system in the Border Patrol’s McAllen Station area, and $167 million for an 8-mile levee in the Rio Grande Valley sector.
Together, the two projects will mark the first brand-new section of wall to be built under the Trump administration. Construction is expected to begin in February.
Do good fences really make good neighbors?
The new wall in the Rio Grande Valley could potentially encroach on hundreds of landowners, farmers and companies near the border.
For example, the 6 miles of wall near the Texas border city of McAllen is slated to cut through a 100-acre butterfly refuge, blocking access to the wildlife sanctuary and, effectively, shutting it down.
And then there’s SpaceX. Its launch site is still under construction in Boca Chica Village, a small community wedged between the border town of Brownsville and the Gulf Coast.
In an email, James Gleeson, a SpaceX spokesman said Customs and Border Protection and its parent agency, the Department of Homeland Security, recently asked to conduct a survey on the property.
“At this time, SpaceX is evaluating the request and is in communication with DHS to further understand their plans,” Gleeson said.
How long would it take to build the rest of the wall?
First, Congress must approve the funding — and Trump faces an uphill battle in getting it.
Most Democrats have questioned whether a wall will, in fact, stop migrants from illegally entering the United States. Even some Republicans doubt its utility. Rep. Will Hurd, R-Texas, has called the wall the “most expensive and least effective way to secure the border.”
But even if Congress approves the amount Trump wants, construction most likely will stall — perhaps indefinitely.
That’s because seizing property from landowners is a legally tricky process that can take years. Most of the land along the border where Trump wants to build the wall is in Texas, and is privately owned — as Kevin K. McAleenan, the commissioner of Customs and Border Protection, confirmed to senators on Tuesday.
And landowners who oppose the wall, and may not take kindly to seeing their property appropriated, are likely to try to block it in court.
Legal challenges by landowners who objected when the administration of President George W. Bush tried to build a border wall in South Texas in 2008 have dragged on for more than a decade. There are still 82 cases pending from that time, according to Efrén Olivares, a lawyer with the Texas Civil Rights Project in Alamo, Texas, who is representing several landowners.
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.